西湖大学徐宇曦Agnew:公斤级制备高结晶共价三嗪框架

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on style="white-space: normal; margin-top: 10px; margin-right: 8px; margin-left: 8px; line-height: 2em;">共价三嗪框架(coval{attr}3228{/attr} triazine frameworks, CTFs)是一类由强三嗪键连接而成的聚合物多孔材料,其具有丰富的孔隙结构、优异的化学和热稳定性、高含量三嗪官能团等,可广泛应用于气体吸附/分离、污染物去除、能量存储与转换、催化等领域。

然而,结晶CTFs的发展受到制备方法有限的限制,目前已报道的结晶CTFs的制备方法包括离子热法,超酸催化法,眯盐缩聚法和五氧化二磷催化法,这些制备方法仍存在一些不足如:催化剂金属离子的残留、超酸催化剂的强腐蚀性、大量{attr}3181{/attr}溶剂的使用和较长的反应时间、以及单体的适用性有限等,这都极大的制约了晶态CTFs的宏量制备和实际应用。因此,开发环境友好、具有优异催化活性和广泛适用性的合成方法来制备高结晶CTFs对于推动其基础研究和实际应用具有重要的意义。
近日,西湖大学徐宇曦教授课题组提出了一种简便的无溶剂无金属的多聚磷酸催化路线制备了系列高结晶、高比表面积的CTFs(CTF-TCB,CTF-DCB,CTF-TCT和CTF-DCBP)并首次实现高结晶、高比表面积CTF的公斤级制备。DFT理论计算结合系统的对比实验进一步揭示了多聚磷酸催化剂的高活性和催化聚合机制。该制备方法和机理探索为合成高结晶、高比表面积、结构多样化的CTFs提供了新的方法基础和理论参考,对CTFs产业化应用具有极大的促进作用。
研究内容
本研究中,在多聚磷酸催化作用下,四种单体即1,3,5-三氰基苯(TCB),对苯二甲腈(DCB),1,3,5-三(4-腈苯基)苯(TCT),和联苯二甲腈(DCBP)通过氰基三聚环化反应聚合形成晶态CTFs(CTF-TCB,CTF-DCB,CTF-TCT和CTF-DCBP),所制得的CTFs具有高结晶性、高比表面积、规则的孔道和层状结构,并可以进一步超声剥离获得超薄的二维三嗪高分子纳米片。基于此方法的简便性首次实现CTF-DCB的公斤级制备。
图1(a)多聚磷酸催化CTFs合成示意图。(b-e)CTF-TCB,CTF-DCB,CTF-TCT和CTF-DCBP的PXRD数据及模拟PXRD图。(f)氮气吸附-脱附等温线。(g)孔径分布。(h)公斤级CTF-DCB的实物图及对应的PXRD数据。
图2 (a)不同催化剂催化结果对比图。(b)不同催化剂聚合产物PXRD对比图。(c-d)三种催化体系的DFT计算反应能垒图。(e-g)三种催化剂催化氰基三聚环化过程对应的所有过渡态结构图。
密度泛函理论(DFT)计算和对比实验表明,多聚磷酸在催化氰基环化时表现出最低的活化能,该催化体系所得到的聚合产物表现出最好的结晶性和最高的比表面积。
图3 (a) 抗生素-氧氟沙星分子结构。(b)不同多孔材料抗生素吸附等温线。(c)不同多孔材料抗生素吸附动力学曲线。(d)抗生素吸附速率常数。(e)大规模抗生素吸附装置图。(f)吸附前后抗生素的UV-vis光谱数据。
将宏量制备得到的CTF-DCB用于大规模抗生素吸附,研究发现,与其他多孔材料对比,CTF表现出最高的吸附性能,这主要是由于其规则的孔道、大的比表面积和丰富的三嗪结构,能促进抗生素分子的快速扩散并与CTF框架产生较强的氢键和π-π等协同作用。
总结
该研究实现了四种不同分子结构的高结晶CTFs的合成,同时,首次实现了高结晶CTFs的公斤级制备,理论结合实验揭示了多聚磷酸的高催化活性。多孔、高结晶CTFs在有机微污染物处理领域展现出极大的应用前景。该方法为高结晶CTFs的合成和催化聚合机理的理解提供了参考意义和实验基础,对CTFs的宏量制备和产业化应用有积极的推动作用。
以上相关成果以“A General Strategy for Kilogram-Scale Preparation of Highly Crystalline Covalent Triazine Frameworks”为题在Angewandte Chemie International Edition上发表。文章的第一作者为西湖大学博士生孙甜西北师范大学梁燕和西南石油大学罗文嘉研究员徐宇曦教授为通讯作者。



文章链接:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/anie.202203327

来源:高分子科学前沿


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