锂离子电池(LIB)因其高能量密度和长使用寿命而在便携式电子设备、储能系统和电动汽车中具有重要应用。但广泛使用的可充锂离子电池面临着实现高安全性和长循环寿命的挑战。
近日,同济大学黄云辉教授、武汉理工大学贺丹琪博士通过在聚乙烯隔膜上沉积离子液体(1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑二氰胺,EMIM:DCA)、聚氨酯(PU)和锂盐的复合物,制备了具有降低声子散射的超薄固态聚合物电解质(SPE),以应对上述挑战。坚固柔性的隔膜基质不仅降低了电解质厚度,提高了Li+的迁移率,更重要的是为SPE提供了相对规则的热扩散通道,减少了外部声子散射。此外,EMIM:DCA的引入成功地打破了PU聚合物链的随机分子间吸引力,显著降低了声子散射,提高了聚合物的内部热导率。因此,所获得的SPE的热导率增加了约6倍,电池的热失控得到了有效抑制。这项工作表明,通过声子工程优化电池的热安全性为高安全锂离子电池的设计原理提供了新的思路。1. 这项工作关注声子散射对SPE的影响,并通过声子工程策略设计了具有高热稳定性的SPE,以优化高能量密度固态锂电池(SSLBs)的热安全性。2. 作者提出了一种简单、大规模和成本效益的策略来合成超薄(~13μm)和柔性的SPE,用于高安全性和高能量密度的固态锂电池(SSLBs)。具体而言,采用作模型聚合物电解质的PU/EMIM:DCA/LiTFSI(PIL)被渗透到PE隔膜基质上,以制备混合SSE(PE/PU/EMIM:DCA/LiTFSI,PPIL)。在这里,EMIM:DCA的引入打破了PU聚合物链的随机分子间吸引力,显著降低了声子散射,从而提高了聚合物的内部导热性。3. 此外,坚固柔性的隔膜基质保持了超薄SSE的结构完整性,这不仅防止了内部短路和枝晶渗透,而且重要的是减少了外部散射,并提供了一个相对规则的通道。因此,与其他SPE相比,所获得的固态聚合物电解质的热传导得到了极大的改善。总体而言,在这项工作中,作者展示了一种使LIB具有高安全性和高能量密度的新方法,并强调了声子工程在LIB高安全性中的重要性。
原文链接:
https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.202405097
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