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锌负极具有高理论容量，低电势（−0.76 V vs. 标准氢电极），含量丰富，高安全性等优点，使得二次锌离子电池在光伏储能、户用储能、站点能源、柔性电子等领域展现出了广阔的应用前景。 然而，锌负极在常规水系电解液中面临着严重的枝晶生长、析氢副反应等问题。此外，在循环过程中，溶解和质子嵌入问题会加速过渡金属氧化物正极结构恶化。这些问题会导致电池的可逆性差，短路风险增加，以及快速的容量衰减，最终限制了二次锌离子电池的实际应用。 近日，哈尔滨工业大学的王博教授、王殿龙教授和苏州大学的程涛教授以及复旦大学的晁栋梁教授通力合作，为降低活性水的数量，设计出一种DMSO包水型电解液，用于同时提升锌负极和过渡金属氧化物正极的稳定性。
红外光谱、原位拉曼、理论计算模拟联合同步辐射技术表明，DMSO包水型电解液中锌离子溶剂化结构主要由DMSO和BF4−组成。水分子被DMSO分子包围，形成“DMSO包水”溶剂环境，对活性水分子进行了固定和驯化，这不仅能有效地抑制锌负极侧的副反应、增强锌负极的可逆性，还能缓解正极材料的溶解和质子插层问题。 原位溅射XPS、ToF-SIMS和HRTEM表明溶剂化结构中的接触离子对（BF4−-Zn2+）诱导了富含ZnF2的有机-无机杂化固体电解质界面（SEI）在锌负极表面原位生成。杂化SEI起到了调节锌离子沉积，抑制锌枝晶生长的作用。 最终，相比于传统的水系电解液，DMSO包水型电解液组装的Zn-VO2全电池性能得到大幅度提升，表现出优异的长循环稳定性和可逆性。该工作为电解液的结构与性能间关系提供了新见解，并为高性能电解液的设计提供了经验。 论文信息 Tailoring Water-in-DMSO Electrolyte for Ultra-stable Rechargeable Zinc Batteries Huaizheng Ren, Sai Li, Liang Xu, Lei Wang, Xinxin Liu, Lei Wang, Yue Liu, Prof. Liang Zhang, Han Zhang, Yuxin Gong, Prof. Chade Lv, Dongping Chen, Jianxin Wang, Qiang Lv, Yaqiang Li, Prof. Huakun Liu, Prof. Dianlong Wang, Prof. Tao Cheng, Prof. Bo Wang, Prof. Dongliang Chao, Prof. Shixue Dou Angewandte Chemie International Edition DOI: 10.1002/anie.202423302
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