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爬板子被一些大牛认为是投机取巧、偷懒的分离方法。但在绝大部分paper上都不会说自己用了爬大板这种分离方法。
当在实际实验中用到爬大板来分离有机物时,用这种方法分出来的产物是不会在paper上写自己是爬大板分出来的,迷惑行为?!!!
PTLC只能分离数量有限的混合物,一张20*20的进口板子大概8毫克以下吧,国产的可以爬多一些,因为硅胶层比较厚 操作: 爬大板首先要保证东西在大板上不会分解,板子的酸性比硅胶(柱)大一些。溶解度不好的东西不太好爬大板,会得到一个非常宽的条带,就好像极光一样。 一次分不开的话,PTLC可以尝试多爬几遍,说不定就分开了 然后在紫外灯下用铅笔画出组分,如果目标条带是紫外很明显的(图中红色或者蓝色条带),那就刮硅胶去 如果板子上只能看到一个条带,换了多少种展开剂也没分开,爬了好几遍也还是这个样子,显色剂也显示不出别的东西(比如有个三乙胺盐什么的),如图,那么就把条带分成好几段分别刮下来分别打核磁 这时候如果硅胶碾得不够细滴管头又太小的话有可能会堵。因为需要干净的谱,所以不建议用甲醇泡,甲醇会溶解硅胶,下一步投料就不准了。
这里说的PTLC目的主要是用来获得干净的谱,或者做小量反应的时候怕在柱子上分不开、过丢了,实在没办法了才会用PTLC备料,是以分离度为考虑
但是如果平时做实验有一些小杂质,但不影响下一步反应,在下一步中可以除去的话,那带着杂质往下走也没什么关系。当然前提是确定化合物是对的。所以这种情况可以爬个PTLC,得到一个干净的谱,然后做反应用过柱子得到的产物做。
最基本的是确定展开剂的极性,要能分开想要分离的组分,TLC的极性换到PTLC时可以加大一点点;
选板子时要在紫外灯下看看是否干净,不要选择发黄的硅胶板;硅胶板保存时要注意避光,否则会发黄。因为板子的硅胶并不是均匀附着的,边缘会薄一些,所以上样要上在硅胶厚度比较恒定的范围内,样品带离板子边缘1-1.5厘米距离,展开剂体积能达到这个距离的一半到2/3一般都不会跑干了,按第一次成功的体积以后就这么来,根据展缸大小来;
展缸和TLC的展缸一样,里面要铺滤纸以保证展开剂的蒸汽能到饱和整个展缸;上样用的滴管笔要压实,笔尖不要太大;上样要均匀,不要在起点的地方滴上一大滴,上完以后拿纯丙酮或者EA爬一下板子,稍稍把样品带推到画的基线之上一点点,推成一条直线;
爬板子的时候展缸一定要盖严,理由同滤纸,加重物压紧,可以用5 kg的一瓶硫酸镁;爬完板子在通风橱里晾干或者拿电吹风冷风档、空气流、氮气流吹干,千万不要用电吹风热风档;
有时候紫外比较淡或者目标组分附近的杂质需要显色剂才能显色(TLC阶段就已知晓),那么就画完紫外色带后割下板子左右各半厘米以内的样品带(不要割太多啊都是肉啊)用显色剂显色,然后把板子拼回去,假设所有条带都是直线(所以一开始上样还有用大极性溶剂把样品带推成直线很重要),那么就画直线确定无紫外杂质所在范围,把目标条带避开杂质的硅胶刮下来
如果结果不太好,杂质有紫外,目标产物不怎么有紫外(图中铅笔画的无色条带),按照上一段的步骤确定目标条带位置
如果爬歪了,那就重新操作,确定好目标条带的起点和终点后按照别的条带的形状把目标条带画出来。
如果条带显色不明显然后混合物里又没有参照物(图中红色蓝色条带),那就在样品里加入无论如何不会和体系反应的、有足够区分度又有明显紫外的参照物。
刮硅胶的时候一定戴口罩,一定要把硅胶碾碎,不然样品会被吸附难冲下来。一般不在通风橱刮碾硅胶,因为通风橱有风……用乙酸乙酯把硅胶泡不超过5分钟然后用滴管转移到小柱子里洗脱。
爬大板过程中使用的东西都要保证干净,展缸用洗涤剂洗洗干净吹吹干,量筒洗干净,装硅胶的瓶子、过滤用的东西通通要干净。手套也要干净。核磁管也是。旋蒸接收瓶里的溶剂要倒掉,防止放气时溶剂蒸汽倒灌到瓶子里。用油泵抽时三通的真空脂尽量少,有时会进入到样品里去。

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